Most of the lands in Kafagway were owned by Mateo Cariño, who served as its chieftain. Kafagway was then a minor rancheria consisting of only about 20 houses. : 477–478ĭuring the period of Spanish rule in 1846, the Spaniards established a comandancia in the nearby town of La Trinidad, and organized Benguet into 31 rancherías, one of which was Kafagway, a wide grassy area where the present Burnham Park is situated.
This prompted the Governor General Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban to send Don Manuel Arza de Urrutia on a punitive expedition, which resulted in the mission being burned to the ground. The Spanish tried to regain the mission in 1759, but were ambushed. Before he was driven out the following year, this rancheria included 220 people, including several baknang families. In 1755, the Augustinian Fray Pedro de Vivar established a mission in Tonglo (Tongdo) outside Baguio. Their son, Baruy, discovered a gold deposit in the area, which he developed with hired workers and slaves. Igorot oral history states the Benguet upper class, baknang, was founded between 1565 and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanay maiden gold panning in Acupan. When the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the Cordilleras. The area was a hunting ground of the indigenous peoples, notably the Ibalois and other Igorot ethnic groups. History Pre-colonial periodīaguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with various wildlife such as the indigenous deer, cloud rats, Philippine eagles, Philippine warty pigs, and numerous species of flora.
It is also the name for the city's annual arts festival. A demonym for natives of the city, "Ibagiw", is also derived from bagiw. The name "Baguio" originates from the American period and is derived from the Ibaloi word bagiw ( moss), which was then Hispanicized as "Baguio". Etymologyīaguio was called "Kafagway" by indigenous peoples. According to the 2020 census, Baguio has a population of 366,358. The city is the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Luzon, as well as the seat of government of the Cordillera Administrative Region. It is geographically located within Benguet, serving as the provincial capital from 1901 to 1916, but has since been administered independently from the province following its conversion into a chartered city. īaguio is classified as a highly urbanized city (HUC). It was the United States' only hill station in Asia. īaguio was established as a hill station by the United States in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", owing to its cool climate since the city is located approximately 4,810 feet (1,470 meters) above mean sea level, often cited as 1,540 meters (5,050 feet) in the Luzon tropical pine forests ecoregion, which also makes it conducive for the growth of mossy plants, orchids and pine trees, to which it attributes its other moniker as the "City of Pines". US: / ˈ b ɑː ɡ-, ˌ b ɑː ɡ i ˈ oʊ/ BAH-ghee-oh, - OH), officially the City of Baguio ( Ilocano: Siudad ti Baguio Filipino: Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines.
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